Catalog of Orders, Rules · Large-Load Grid Integration

Vlad Zavadsky

doi:10.5281/zenodo.21464969

Reference

Catalog of Orders, Rules, and Directives Cited#

Every formal instrument named in this report, grouped by issuer, with a one-line explanation and the date it took effect or was issued. The entry notes any item that remains a proposal or stays in development. This serves as a reference index rather than a legal citation — consult the underlying document (see Sources) for operative text. FERC — numbered rules (industry-wide) Instrument Each issuer group below opens with a retrieval note giving the authoritative repository and, where the instrument is docketed, the identifier needed to find it. Links point to the searchable repository rather than to individual documents, because document-level URLs at several of these bodies are session-generated and do not persist.

Order No. 888 / 890 / 1000 1996 / 2007 / 2011: The open-access transmission lineage: non-discriminatory transmission service (888), coordinated transparent planning (890), and regional/interregional planning with tariffed cost allocation (1000). Cited as the framework the 2026 large-load orders build on.
Order No. 841 Feb 2018: Opened RTO/ISO wholesale markets to electric-storage participation.
Order No. 845 Apr 2018: Reformed the generator interconnection process (informational studies, provisional agreements).
Order No. 2222 Sept 2020: Enabled distributed energy resource (DER) aggregations to participate in wholesale markets.
Order No. 2023 / 2023-A Jul 28, 2023 / Mar 21, 2024: Overhauled the generator interconnection queue: mandatory cluster studies, readiness deposits, first-ready-first-served. The explicit template for large-load queue reform.
Order No. 1920 / 1920-A/B May 13, 2024: Requires long-term (20-year) regional transmission planning and sets cost-allocation methods; effective Aug 12, 2024, first compliance filings June 2025.
Order No. 1977 May 13, 2024: Updates how FERC exercises its limited backstop transmission-siting authority.

FERC — case-specific orders and dockets (large loads)#

Retrieval. Every item below is filed under a docket number. Enter it in FERC’s eLibrary docket search at elibrary.ferc.gov/eLibrary/search to obtain the order, the filings that preceded it, and any rehearing or compliance filings that followed. Final rules and news releases are also indexed at ferc.gov.

Docket RM26-4-000 (ANOPR) Oct 2025: Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, opened in response to the DOE §403 directive, on interconnecting large loads to the transmission system. Expected to mature into a NOPR and final rule across 2027 (proposed).
§206 order on PJM colocated load Dec 18, 2025: Found parts of PJM's tariff unjust/unreasonable; directed Firm and Non-Firm Contract Demand service and CIR adjustments. Compliance order Apr 16, 2026; rehearing Jun 18, 2026.
Susquehanna amended ISA rejected (ER24-2172) Nov 1, 2024: Rejected 2–1 the amendment raising co-located load at Susquehanna from 300 MW to 480 MW, holding that PJM had not shown the non-conforming provisions necessary. Rejected without prejudice; the substantive co-location questions were left open. The proceeding that produced the EL25-49 show cause of Feb 20, 2025.
Crane CIR transfer waiver Jun 1, 2026: Granted Constellation a one-time limited waiver moving 760 MW of Capacity Interconnection Rights from Eddystone Units 3 and 4 to the Crane Clean Energy Center, over the market monitor's protest, allowing full deliverability ahead of transmission upgrades dated to December 2030.
Six §206 show-cause orders (EL26-67 et seq.) Jun 18, 2026: Ordered every RTO/ISO to justify or reform its large-load and co-location tariff provisions across five reform categories; responses due Aug 17, 2026.
Tri-State HIL tariff order (ER25-3316) Oct 2025: Rejected a co-op's High Impact Load tariff 3–0 as an intrusion on state retail-rate jurisdiction — a central jurisdictional precedent.
SPP HILL approval Jan 2026: Approved SPP's High Impact Large Load process, which jointly studies a large load and its proximate generation.

DOE and multi-state directives#

Retrieval. Section 202(c) emergency orders and §403 directives are published at energy.gov; where a directive asks FERC to act, the resulting proceeding carries its own docket in eLibrary.

DOE §403 directive (letter to FERC) Oct 2025: Invoked DOE Organization Act authority to direct FERC to consider national rules for interconnecting large loads (>20 MW) to the transmission system; triggered RM26-4.
DOE §202(c) emergency Jun 30, 2026: Directed backup-generation resources (including at data centers) to be order 13-state governors' cost principles available during a PJM heat emergency; effective through Jul 3, 2026. 2026

NERC — alerts, guidelines, and standards#

Retrieval. Alerts, reliability guidelines, standards under development and the Long-Term Reliability Assessment are published at nerc.com. Standards projects are indexed by project number — Project 2026-02 for the large-load work described here.

Long-Term Reliability Assessment (LTRA) Jan 2026: Raised the ten-year summer-peak forecast by 224 GW (~69%), attributing most to data centers; flags PJM high-risk from ~2029, MISO from ~2028.
Level 3 Essential Action Alert May 4, 2026: NERC's highest-urgency alert; seven essential actions on large-load ride-through, modeling, and coordination. Responses due Aug 3, 2026 (non-binding).
Reliability Guideline: Emerging Large Loads May 2026: Voluntary best-practice template: treat clustered load loss as a reserve-sizing contingency; require communication and operating instructions; model behindthe-meter resources.
Gaps white paper Mar 2026: Found existing standards and practices inadequate for large-load integration; recommended registration and standards changes.
Project 2026-02 (Computational Loads) SAR Apr 1, 2026: Standards-development project; a “bridge” Reliability Standard targeted for year-end 2026, broader standards from 2027, plus a computational-load registry.
2026 State of Reliability report Jul 2026: Documented the 2025 customer-initiated load-loss events (~1,800 MW Feb, ~1,300 MW Jun); source of the “five-alarm fire” framing.
Existing standards cited in force: PRC-024-4 and PRC-029-1 (generator/IBR ride-through, the model for a load standard); BAL-002 (reserve/MSSC sizing); TOP-001, IRO-001, PER-005 (operating instructions, personnel); EOP-011-4 (emergency operations).

ERCOT and PUCT (Texas)#

Retrieval. Protocol revisions (NPRR, NOGRR, PGRR) with their comments, impact analyses and board approvals are at ercot.com under market rules; working-group presentations cited in Sections 4 and 6 are filed under the relevant committee. PUCT rulemakings and project filings are at puc.texas.gov.

PGRR145 / NPRR1325 (Batch Zero) Effective Jul 11, 2026: Replaces serial large-load studies with a system-wide batch study (≥75 MW); sorts loads into base/studied/not-included with a transmission-limited allocation cap. Also carries WLPUN and PCLR co-location designations and ramp-rate/registration rules.
NOGRR282 / NPRR1308 2026: ERCOT large-load ride-through obligations and dynamic-modeling requirements — ahead of the NERC standard.
PUCT Project 58480 (16 TAC §25.370) Effective Mar 1, 2026: After 2026, admits only large loads with a qualifying executed interconnection agreement into the ERCOT load forecast.
PUCT Project 58481 (16 TAC §25.194) Proposed; due 2026: Implements SB6: 75 MW threshold, site-control and disclosure, ~$50k/MW financial security, and duplicate-request disclosure (due Dec 2026).
SB6 / PURA §37.0561 2025 (Texas law): The statute directing the PUCT large-load rules above.
NPRR1180 / PGRR107 2025: Revised ERCOT forecast criteria to admit TSP-forecast load not yet backed by an agreement, under a “quantifiable evidence” standard.
2024 Regional Transmission Plan; Permian Basin Plan Dec 2024; PUCTapproved Oct 2024: First ERCOT RTP with dual 345 kV and 765 kV builds; the 765 kV backbone is a late-decade/2030s project.

PJM, MISO, and SPP#

Retrieval. Tariff language, auction results and stakeholder materials are published at pjm.com, misoenergy.org and spp.org. Because each of these instruments takes effect only on FERC acceptance, the authoritative version is the accepted filing in eLibrary rather than the operator’s own posting.

PJM Load Adjustment Request framework Jul 2025: Vetting process that filters speculative/duplicative large-load requests from the forecast; drove the Jan 2026 near-term downward revision.
PJM Board CIFP-LLA Decisional Letter Jan 16, 2026: Board direction on the Critical Issue Fast Path for large-load additions, including BYOG-style expedited tracks.
PJM reliability backstop procurement Approved Jun 30, 2026: One-time capacity procurement (average cost capped at $555/MW-day) billed to large loads to cover the projected shortfall.
Firm / Non-Firm Contract Demand service From Dec 2025 order: New PJM transmission-service products letting co-located load cap or interrupt its grid withdrawals by contract.
MISO ERAS / MTEP EPR 2025–2026: Expedited Resource Addition Study (~90-day GIA for reliability-critical resources) and the Expedited Project Review for large-load-driven transmission upgrades.

State large-load tariffs (retail, state-jurisdiction)#

Retrieval. These are state proceedings and are not in eLibrary. Each is retrieved from the docket system of the commission concerned — for the Indiana contract discussed in Section 6, Cause No. 46276 at iurc.portal.in.gov. Commercial terms in special contracts are frequently redacted, which is itself a finding of Section 6.

AEP Ohio data-center tariff (PUCO) 2025: ≥25 MW class; 85% minimum take; 12-year term; exit fees. ~$10M first-year cost on a 100 MW site; cut requests roughly in half.
Dominion GS-5 (VA SCC PUR-2025-00058) Nov 2025: Separate Virginia data-center rate class; among the strictest terms.
Georgia Power PLL-18 in effect: More accommodating framework; ~11 GW of large load under contract as of Q1 2026.
Pennsylvania PUC model tariff 2026: Adopts a “but-for” cost-causation standard: the large load pays all distribution and transmission needed to interconnect.